Encapsidate

Encapsidate is a term that can refer to several related concepts, primarily in chemistry and biology. In chemistry, it generally means to enclose something within a capsule or membrane. This process is often employed in drug delivery systems, where active pharmaceutical ingredients are encapsulated to control their release rate, protect them from degradation, or improve their bioavailability. Various materials can be used for encapsulation, including polymers, lipids, and even inorganic compounds, depending on the intended application.

In a biological context, encapsidate can describe the process by which a virus encloses its genetic material within a protein coat, known as a capsid. This capsid is essential for the virus's structure and its ability to infect host cells. The formation of the capsid is a critical step in the viral life cycle, ensuring the packaging and protection of the viral genome. The term can also be used more broadly to describe any situation where a biological structure is enclosed by a membrane or protective layer. The precise meaning often depends on the specific scientific discipline and the surrounding context.