Elektrotehnika

Elektrotehnika is a branch of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It covers the generation, transmission, distribution, and efficient use of electrical energy, as well as the design and analysis of electronic circuits, devices, and systems. In many Balkan and Slavic languages, elektrotehnika is a general term for electrical engineering and is used for academic programs and professional practice.

The field emerged in the late 19th century with discoveries by Ohm, Faraday, and Maxwell, leading to practical electrical power systems and communication technologies. The 20th century saw rapid growth in electronics, semiconductor technology, control theory, and telecommunications. In recent decades, elektrotehnika has expanded to include power electronics, renewable energy integration, smart grids, robotics, and information and communication technologies (ICT).

Core subfields include power engineering, electrical machines and drives, power electronics, energy systems and transmission, control systems and automation, signal processing, telecommunications, electronics, instrumentation, and mechatronics. Safety, reliability, and standards are important across all areas.

Academic programs typically lead to bachelor’s and master’s degrees in elektrotehnika or electrical engineering. Graduates work in energy utilities, manufacturing, electronics, telecoms, and technology firms, or pursue research and teaching. Professional practice is supported by standards bodies such as IEEE and IEC, and licensure or accreditation may be required in some countries.