Elektroporasjon

Elektroporasjon is a method used to increase the permeability of cell membranes by applying a brief electric field. This electric field causes the formation of temporary pores in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, allowing molecules that would normally not be able to cross the membrane to enter or exit the cell. The size and duration of the electric pulse are critical parameters that determine the effectiveness and viability of the cells.

This technique has found widespread applications in various biological and biotechnological fields. In molecular biology and genetic engineering, elektroporasjon is commonly used to introduce foreign DNA, RNA, or proteins into cells, a process known as transfection or transformation. This is essential for gene therapy research, the development of genetically modified organisms, and the study of gene function.

Beyond genetic manipulation, elektroporasjon is also employed in drug delivery and cancer treatment. By temporarily increasing cell membrane permeability, therapeutic agents can be delivered more efficiently into targeted cells. In the context of cancer therapy, elektroporasjon can be used in conjunction with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their uptake into tumor cells, a technique known as electrochemotherapy. The process is generally reversible, meaning that the pores reseal after the electric field is removed, and the cell membrane integrity is restored, though cell death can occur if the electric pulse is too strong or prolonged.