Elektromotoorjõud

Elektromotoorjõud refers to the electromotive force (EMF) generated within a conductor when it experiences a change in magnetic flux. This fundamental principle of electromagnetism, often represented by the symbol E or ε, is the driving force that causes electric current to flow in a circuit. Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831, electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon that underlies the operation of many electrical devices, including generators, transformers, and electric motors.

The magnitude of the induced electromotive force is directly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through a circuit. This relationship is quantified by Faraday's Law of Induction. The direction of the induced EMF and the resulting current is described by Lenz's Law, which states that the induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it. Therefore, when a conductor moves through a magnetic field, or when the magnetic field around a conductor changes, a voltage is induced, which can then drive a current if a complete circuit is present. This induced EMF is the basis for generating electricity in power plants and for the operation of induction motors.