Elektrolitkondenzátorokkal

Elektrolitkondenzátorokkal (electrolytic capacitors) are a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte to increase its capacitance. They are characterized by their high capacitance values for their size and cost, making them suitable for applications where space and budget are important considerations. The electrolyte can be either liquid or solid, with liquid electrolytes generally offering higher capacitance but with a shorter lifespan and a tendency to leak over time. Solid electrolytes provide greater stability and longevity but typically have lower capacitance.

The construction of an electrolytic capacitor involves an anode foil and a cathode foil, separated by an electrolyte-impregnated dielectric layer. The anode foil is usually made of aluminum or tantalum, which forms a thin oxide layer when anodized. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric. The electrolyte serves as the cathode connection. Due to the nature of their construction, electrolytic capacitors are polarized, meaning they must be connected in the correct orientation with respect to the voltage source. Connecting them in reverse can lead to damage or failure. Their primary applications include power supply filtering, energy storage in flash circuits, and coupling and decoupling in audio circuits.