Elektrofilny

Elektrofilny is a term used in chemistry to describe a chemical species that is attracted to electrons. These species are electron-deficient and tend to seek out areas of high electron density in other molecules. The word itself comes from the Greek words "ēlektron" meaning amber and "philos" meaning loving, literally translating to "electron-loving." Elektrofilny species act as electron acceptors. Common examples include cations (positively charged ions) like H+, Na+, or carbocations, as well as neutral molecules with polar double or triple bonds, such as CO2 or SO3, and molecules with incomplete octets, like BF3 or AlCl3. The presence of an electronegative atom can also make a molecule electrophilic. Elektrofilny species play a crucial role in many organic reactions, particularly in electrophilic addition and electrophilic substitution reactions. In these reactions, the elektrofilny species attacks a region of high electron density, often a pi bond or an aromatic ring, forming a new covalent bond. The strength of the elektrofilny character of a species is related to its electron deficiency and its ability to accept electrons.