Elektrofiilliset

Elektrofiilliset refers to chemical species that are attracted to electron-rich centers. The name itself combines "electro" (electron) and "philic" (loving). In organic chemistry, elektrofiilliset species are often positively charged or have a partial positive charge, making them keen to attack areas of high electron density, such as double bonds or lone pairs of electrons on nucleophiles.

Common examples of elektrofiilliset include carbocations, which possess a positive charge on a carbon atom, and electrophilic atoms within molecules like halogens (e.g., Cl2, Br2) or molecules with polar double or triple bonds (e.g., CO2, SO3). Lewis acids, such as AlCl3 or BF3, are also considered elektrofiilliset because they can accept a pair of electrons.

The interaction between an elektrofiillinen and a nucleophile (an electron-rich species) is a fundamental concept in many organic reaction mechanisms. This interaction typically involves the elektrofiillinen accepting electrons from the nucleophile, forming a new covalent bond. This is a key step in reactions like electrophilic addition to alkenes and alkynes, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and many reactions involving carbonyl compounds. The strength and reactivity of an elektrofiillinen depend on its charge density and the stability of any resulting intermediates.