Electrofílicos

Electrofílicos is a term used in chemistry to describe chemical species that are attracted to electron-rich centers. These species typically possess a positive charge or a significant partial positive charge, making them electron-deficient. They readily accept a pair of electrons from another molecule or atom to form a new chemical bond. This characteristic makes them reactive and crucial participants in many chemical reactions, particularly in organic chemistry.

Common examples of electrofílicos include carbocations, which are positively charged carbon atoms, and Lewis acids, which are substances that can accept an electron pair. Halogen molecules like bromine (Br2) and chlorine (Cl2) can also act as electrofílicos under certain conditions, often after polarization. The electrophilic nature of a species is a key factor in determining its reactivity and the types of reactions it will undergo.

Electrofílicos play a vital role in a wide array of organic transformations. One of the most well-known reactions involving electrofílicos is electrophilic aromatic substitution, where an electrofílico replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring. Other examples include electrophilic addition reactions to alkenes and alkynes, where the electrofílico initiates the attack on the pi bond. Understanding the behavior of electrofílicos is fundamental to comprehending reaction mechanisms and predicting the products of chemical reactions.