Elders

Elder is a term used to describe a person who is older, typically beyond middle age. In many cultures, age carries social status, experience, and potential authority. In anthropology and sociology, elders are individuals recognized by a community for their knowledge, wisdom, or leadership, who may guide others or hold advisory responsibilities.

Across societies, elders often act as custodians of tradition. They preserve language, history, norms, and rituals; they mentor younger people, arbitrate disputes, and oversee rites of passage. Some communities select elders based on age and lineage, while others choose based on demonstrated service, wisdom, or consensus-building ability.

In many Indigenous and tribal contexts, councils of elders play formal roles in governance, land and resource management, and conflict resolution. In modern settings, organizations sometimes appoint senior advisors or emeritus figures who provide institutional memory and strategic guidance.

Religious traditions also assign elders leadership or advisory duties. In Judaism, elders, or zaken, historically served on the Sanhedrin and in local councils; in many Christian denominations, elders are lay or ordained leaders who oversee spiritual governance and discipline; in some Muslim communities, respected elder scholars and community leaders provide guidance.

Today, aging populations raise attention to elder care, rights, and inclusion. Policy discussions address health care, housing, and social protection, while intergenerational programs and digital access initiatives seek to connect elders with younger generations and with contemporary life.