Ekzekutive

Ekzekutive is a term used to describe the executive, the branch of government or organization responsible for implementing laws and managing daily affairs. In political science, the ekzekutive is distinct from the legislative branch, which makes laws, and the judicial branch, which interprets them. The ekzekutive is charged with policy initiation and execution, administration of public services, foreign relations, defense, and the execution of the budget. It is typically headed by a chief official such as a president, prime minister, or equivalent figure, often supported by a cabinet and a civil service.

The composition and powers of the ekzekutive vary by constitutional system. In parliamentary systems the ekzekutive consists mainly of the prime minister or equivalent and the cabinet, and is accountable to the legislature. In presidential systems the president often serves as both head of state and head of government, with powers concentrated in the presidential office. Semi-presidential systems feature a president and a prime minister sharing executive responsibilities, according to constitutional rules.

Accountability mechanisms include elections, legislative confidence, impeachment or removal, veto powers, and parliamentary or judicial oversight. The precise balance between initiative and restraint in the ekzekutive reflects a country's constitutional design, political culture, and historical development.

See also: executive branch, cabinet, head of state, head of government, public administration, governance.