Ekvivalensipisteessä

Ekvivalensipisteessä refers to the point in a chemical titration where the amount of titrant added is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte present in the solution. This means that the reaction between the titrant and the analyte has gone to completion, and stoichiometric amounts of both reactants have been consumed. In a titration, a solution of known concentration (the titrant) is gradually added to a solution of unknown concentration (the analyte). The purpose of titration is to determine the unknown concentration of the analyte by monitoring the reaction's progress.

The equivalence point is a theoretical concept that signifies the completion of the chemical reaction based on the balanced chemical equation. At this specific point, moles of titrant equal moles of analyte, adjusted by their stoichiometric coefficients. For example, in the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, the equivalence point occurs when the moles of added base exactly equal the moles of acid initially present.

Detecting the equivalence point is crucial for accurate titration results. This is typically achieved by observing a change in a physical property of the solution that is indicative of the reaction's completion. Common methods include using indicators, which change color at or very near the equivalence point, or employing instruments like pH meters or conductivity meters to monitor changes in solution properties. The observed point where this change occurs is called the indicator endpoint, which ideally should coincide with the theoretical equivalence point.