Ecopsychology

Ecopsychology is an interdisciplinary field that examines the relationship between human psychology and the natural environment. It investigates how environmental conditions affect mental health, well-being, and behavior, and how human attitudes toward nature influence ecological stewardship. The field draws on psychology, ecology, anthropology, philosophy, and environmental studies to explore these connections.

Core concepts include nature connectedness or biophilia—the sense of being part of the natural world—along with ecological grief and eco-anxiety, place attachment, and restorative experiences in nature. Ecopsychology emphasizes that psychological health is linked to ecological integrity, and that healing can involve reconnecting with natural ecosystems.

History and development: The term ecopsychology was popularized in the 1990s by Theodore Roszak and colleagues, building on earlier strands of environmental psychology and humanistic psychology. Since then, the field has diversified into theory, research, therapy, and activism, influencing education, conservation, and public policy.

Methods and inquiry: Researchers employ qualitative and quantitative approaches, including surveys on nature connectedness, studies of mood and stress in natural settings, and ecotherapy programs. Practices include nature-based therapies, outdoor education, ecological mindfulness, and community engagement.

Critique and scope: Some critics warn that ecopsychology can romanticize nature or overlook social and economic determinants of mental health. Proponents contend that integrating ecological and psychological perspectives supports both individual well-being and environmental stewardship, with implications for urban design, policy, and climate resilience.