Ecitoninae

Ecitoninae is a subfamily of army ants found in the New World tropics. These ants are known for their massive foraging raids, where they move in large columns, overwhelming prey. They are nomadic, establishing temporary nests called bivouacs, often constructed from their own bodies. Ecitoninae ants are polymorphic, meaning they exhibit different physical forms within the same colony, with distinct worker castes specialized for tasks like foraging, defense, and brood care. The queen is the largest individual in the colony and is responsible for reproduction.

Their diet primarily consists of other arthropods, which they capture during their raids. However, they are also known to scavenge for dead insects and other small animals. Ecitoninae plays a significant role in their ecosystems by controlling insect populations. Their nomadic lifestyle and large colony sizes mean they are a major force in the forest floor environment. Different species within Ecitoninae have varied raiding behaviors and habitat preferences.

Reproduction involves a nuptial flight where virgin queens mate with males. After mating, the queen establishes a new colony. The life cycle includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Ecitoninae ants are highly social and cooperative, with complex communication systems that allow them to coordinate their massive foraging efforts. Their presence can dramatically alter the invertebrate community in an area.