EPBD

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is an European Union directive that provides a framework for improving the energy efficiency of buildings across EU member states. It sets requirements for energy performance assessments, information disclosure, and targeted improvements to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector, which accounts for a large share of final energy use.

Core provisions include energy performance certificates (EPCs) for new and existing buildings when sold or rented; standardized methods for calculating energy performance; minimum energy performance standards for new buildings and major renovations; and the regular inspection of heating and air conditioning systems. The directive also promotes the use of near-zero-energy buildings (NZEB) and requires public authorities to lead by example in upgrading building stock.

The EPBD has been amended twice. Directive 2010/31/EU strengthened energy performance certificates and NZEB targets, while Directive 2018/844/EU broadened the scope to existing buildings, introduced the concept of building renovation strategies and renovation passports, and expanded requirements related to renovations and performance improvements. The amendments also reinforce national plans for renovating the building stock and improving efficiency in the public sector.

Implementation is carried out by each EU member state through national laws and regulations transposing the directive. While adoption varies, the EPBD has significantly influenced building codes, energy labeling, and retrofit programs across the EU, contributing to reductions in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment.