ENCODEs

Encodes is the third-person singular form of encode. In general use, to encode means to convert information from one form to another that can be stored, transmitted, or processed, often with an explicit decoding step to restore the original content.

In computing, encoding covers several related concepts. Character encoding converts symbols into bytes using standards such as ASCII, UTF-8, and UTF-16, enabling consistent text representation across systems. Data encoding refers to transforming arbitrary data into a form suitable for transmission or storage, sometimes including error detection information or metadata. Specific schemes such as base64 encode binary data as ASCII characters to enable text-based transport, while URL encoding (percent-encoding) preserves special characters in URLs.

Media encoding deals with the compression and formatting of audio, video, and images to balance quality, size, and processing requirements. Common examples include MP3 and AAC for audio, H.264 and H.265 for video, and JPEG or PNG for images. Encoding is typically paired with a corresponding decoding process to restore the original or an acceptable approximation, and it may involve lossy or lossless techniques.

Encoding is distinct from encryption. Encoding is reversible and intended for interoperability and efficiency, whereas encryption is designed to conceal content. In practice, systems often apply multiple layers of encoding, compression, and encryption to achieve reliable, efficient, and secure data handling.

In biology, encoding refers to representing genetic information in DNA and RNA, guiding cellular processes through transcription and translation to produce proteins. This biological encoding underpins how organisms store and express hereditary information.