EAEU

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an international economic integration grouping consisting of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan. It was established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union signed in 2014 and came into force on January 1, 2015. The union aims to create a unified market by removing barriers to the movement of goods, services, capital, and labor, and by coordinating economic policy and external trade relations. It operates a common external tariff and seeks harmonization of national regulations to facilitate cross-border commerce within the bloc.

The EAEU evolved from the Eurasian Economic Community and the Customs Union, and is part of a broader project of regional integration in Eurasia. Its framework supports gradual alignment of laws and standards across member states in areas such as trade, industry, energy, transport, and digital development.

Key institutions include the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (heads of state), the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council (heads of government), and the Eurasian Economic Commission (executive body). The Court of the EAEU and a Secretariat provide judicial and administrative functions. The union is headquartered in Moscow, where the commission and other bodies are based.

Policy scope centers on the single market for goods, services, capital, and labor; a common external tariff; coordinated macroeconomic policies; and sectoral cooperation in energy, transport, agriculture, and the digital economy. External relations involve negotiating trade terms as a bloc and engaging with other regional entities and countries.

The EAEU has reduced internal trade barriers among members and aimed to enhance regional development, but its depth of integration varies by sector and is influenced by broader geopolitical and economic factors.