Dünnschalentragwerk

Dünnschalentragwerke are structural systems characterized by their thin, shell-like components that derive their strength and stability from their curved geometry. These structures typically consist of materials such as concrete, steel, or timber that are formed into curved shapes like domes, vaults, or hyperbolic paraboloids. The thinness of the shell allows for efficient distribution of loads over the entire surface, leading to significant material savings compared to traditional beam or slab construction.

The structural behavior of a dünnschalentragwerk relies on membrane forces, which are in-plane stresses that develop within the shell. These forces effectively resist bending moments, making the structure highly efficient in resisting external loads such as wind, snow, and gravity. The precise shape and thickness of the shell are critical for its performance and are determined through complex engineering calculations.

Dünnschalentragwerke are often employed in large-span applications where traditional structural systems would be impractical or uneconomical. Examples include stadium roofs, aircraft hangars, exhibition halls, and bridges. Their aesthetic potential is also a significant factor, as their curved forms can create visually striking and architecturally significant spaces. The construction of these structures can be challenging, often requiring specialized formwork and construction techniques to achieve the desired geometry and material integrity. Despite the complexities, the advantages in terms of material efficiency, load-bearing capacity, and architectural expression make dünnschalentragwerke a valuable class of structural engineering.