Dysze

Dysze are the Polish term for nozzles, devices that control the direction, shape, and properties of a fluid or gas as it exits a system. They work by constraining flow and converting pressure energy into kinetic energy, influencing exit velocity, pressure drop, spray angle, and, for atomizing types, droplet size and distribution. Nozzles are essential in propulsion, manufacturing, agriculture, and processing, where precise application of liquids or gases is required.

Common categories include converging nozzles, which accelerate subsonic flows; converging-diverging or de Laval nozzles, designed to produce sonic or supersonic jets under suitable pressure; pintle and swirl nozzles, which adjust spray pattern and atomization quality; and air-assisted or air-blast nozzles, which use a secondary air stream to break up liquid into fine droplets. Spray nozzles used for coating, cleaning, irrigation, and fire suppression, as well as fuel injection nozzles in engines and turbines, are among the most widely deployed types. Design variations determine spray pattern (solid cone, hollow cone, spray), flow rate, and atomization mechanism (external, internal, or air-assisted).

Applications span internal combustion engines and rocket propulsion, industrial coating and painting, agriculture and horticulture, cooling and drying processes, fire suppression, and water-jet cutting. Selection considers fluid properties (viscosity, surface tension), operating pressure, required droplet size, and environmental conditions. Materials commonly include stainless steel, brass, and certain polymers, with manufacturing emphasizing precision machining or additive processes to achieve tight tolerances and reliable performance.

In Polish-language sources, dysze encompass a broad family of devices designed to manipulate jets of liquids or gases for controlled delivery and interaction with their surroundings.