Dyskowate

Dyskowate, known in aquarium contexts as discus fishes, are a group of freshwater cichlids in the genus Symphysodon, family Cichlidae. Native to the Amazon Basin, they are famed for their disk-shaped, laterally compressed bodies and vibrant color patterns, which have made them popular in home aquariums despite their demanding care needs.

Taxonomically, three species are commonly kept: Symphysodon discus, Symphysodon aequifasciatus, and Symphysodon haraldi. Wild populations show a range of patterns from blue and green to brown and striped, with coloration influenced by genetics and environment. Adults typically measure about 15–20 cm in length, with subtle sexual dimorphism that complicates breeding in mixed groups.

Discus inhabit calm, soft, acidic waters of the Amazon floodplain and lakes. They prefer temperatures of 28–30 °C and a pH around 6.0–7.0, with high water quality. In the wild their diet is omnivorous, including small invertebrates and plant material; in captivity they require a varied, high-quality diet.

Discus are known for strong parental care. They form pairs or small groups, lay eggs on flat surfaces, and tend the offspring together, often with extended mouthbrooding. Their specialized water requirements and sensitivity to stress classify them as high-maintenance in the aquarium hobby.

Conservation concerns stem from habitat destruction and overcollection in parts of the Amazon. In captivity, responsible sourcing and proper husbandry are important to maintain healthy populations and reduce pressures on wild stocks.