Dyestoffklasse

Dyestuff class refers to a system of categorizing dyes based on their chemical structure and application properties. This classification helps in understanding the behavior of a dye, its affinity for different fibers, and its fastness properties. Common dyestuff classes include acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, vat dyes, and disperse dyes. Acid dyes are typically used for protein fibers like wool and silk, as well as synthetic polyamides. Basic dyes, also known as cationic dyes, are primarily used for acrylic fibers and sometimes for modified polyester. Direct dyes can be applied directly to cellulosic fibers such as cotton and rayon without the need for a mordant. Reactive dyes form a covalent bond with the fiber, resulting in excellent wash fastness, and are widely used for cotton and other cellulosic materials. Vat dyes are insoluble in water and must be reduced to a soluble leuco form before application; they are known for their exceptional fastness properties, especially on cotton. Disperse dyes are non-ionic and have low water solubility, making them suitable for dyeing hydrophobic synthetic fibers like polyester, acetate, and nylon. Understanding these classes is crucial for textile dyeing processes, ensuring proper selection of dyes for specific substrates and desired performance characteristics. The categorization also aids in troubleshooting dyeing issues and in developing new dyeing technologies.