Dwuspólne

Dwuspólne is a Polish term meaning two-pole or dipolar. It is used across disciplines to describe systems that have two opposite poles or charges separated in space, typically labeled as two ends with opposite properties.

In magnetism, dwuspólne magnets refer to magnets with a distinct north and south pole at opposite ends. Magnetic dipole moments describe the strength and orientation of this separation, and the concept is fundamental because isolated magnetic poles (monopoles) have not been observed.

In electronics and antenna theory, a dwuspólna antena, or dipole antenna, usually consists of two conductors fed at their center. Its total length is commonly related to the wavelength of the signal, and its radiation pattern is determined by the dipole geometry.

In chemistry, dwuspólne cząsteczki, or polar molecules, possess a net dipole moment due to unequal distribution of electron density. This creates partial positive and negative charges at different regions of the molecule. Water is a canonical example; nonpolar molecules, such as carbon dioxide in a linear arrangement, have negligible dipole moments.

In physics, electric and magnetic dipole moments are used to describe how a system interacts with external electric or magnetic fields. The dipole moment is a vector whose magnitude reflects the separation of charges or poles, and whose direction indicates the orientation of the polarity.

Etymology: the term combines dwus- meaning two and pól meaning pole. See also dipole, electric dipole moment, magnetic dipole, polar molecule, dipole antenna.