Duplodnaviria

Duplodnaviria is a proposed phylum within the domain *Viruses* that encompasses a diverse group of viruses characterized by their double-stranded DNA genomes and complex replication strategies. The name "Duplodnaviria" is derived from the Latin *duplex* (meaning double) and *DNA*, reflecting the double-stranded nature of their genetic material. This taxonomic grouping was introduced in 2020 as part of an updated viral classification system aimed at organizing viruses based on their genetic and structural features rather than their hosts or diseases.

The phylum Duplodnaviria includes several well-known viral families, such as *Adenoviridae*, *Herpesviridae*, *Poxviridae*, and *Asfarviridae*, which infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, animals, and plants. These viruses typically feature icosahedral or complex capsids and often exhibit intricate replication cycles involving multiple stages of gene expression. Some members of this group, like the poxviruses, are notable for replicating entirely within the cytoplasm of host cells, unlike many other DNA viruses that rely on nuclear replication.

The classification of Duplodnaviria reflects advances in viral taxonomy, incorporating phylogenetic analyses of viral genomes to better understand evolutionary relationships. This system distinguishes viruses based on their genetic architecture, such as the presence of a double-stranded DNA genome and associated regulatory proteins. While the proposal remains under review by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), it represents a shift toward a more biologically grounded viral taxonomy.

Research into Duplodnaviria continues to expand, particularly with the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies that have revealed new viral diversity. Understanding this group is crucial for insights into viral evolution, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of antiviral strategies. The study of Duplodnaviria also highlights the complexity of viral life cycles and their adaptation to diverse environments.