Duodenális

Duodenális refers to anything relating to the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine in the digestive system. It originates from the stomach and extends to the jejunum, the second part of the small intestine. The duodenum plays a crucial role in the digestion of food, receiving partially digested food from the stomach and mixing it with bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

The structure of the duodenum is a C-shape, typically measuring about 25-30 centimeters in length. It is retroperitoneal, meaning it lies behind the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity. Several key anatomical features are found in the duodenum, including the ampulla of Vater, where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct merge before emptying into the duodenal lumen. The inner lining of the duodenum is characterized by circular folds, villi, and microvilli, which significantly increase its surface area for nutrient absorption.

Common medical conditions affecting the duodenum include duodenitis, an inflammation of its lining, and duodenal ulcers, which are open sores that develop on the duodenum. These conditions can be caused by factors such as infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and excessive stomach acid production. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. Diagnosis often involves endoscopy, a procedure that allows direct visualization of the duodenal lining. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and can include medications to reduce stomach acid and antibiotics if H. pylori is present.