Dualisti

Dualisti refers to a belief system characterized by dualism, the philosophical concept that the world is composed of two fundamental and often opposing substances or principles. This duality can manifest in various ways across different cultures and philosophical traditions.

One common form of dualism is mind-body dualism, which posits that the mind (or soul) is distinct from the physical body. This view suggests that consciousness is not merely a product of the brain but a separate entity that can exist independently. René Descartes is a prominent figure associated with this type of dualism, famously articulating the distinction between res cogitans (thinking substance) and res extensa (extended substance).

Another significant dualistic framework is found in religious and cosmological dualism, where good and evil are seen as opposing cosmic forces. Zoroastrianism, for instance, centers on the struggle between the benevolent Ahura Mazda and the malevolent Angra Mainyu. Similarly, Manichaeism presents a dualism of light and darkness, spirit and matter.

The implications of dualistic thinking can be far-reaching, influencing ethical systems, understandings of life and death, and metaphysical inquiries. While dualism offers a clear framework for understanding perceived oppositions, it also faces critiques regarding the interaction between distinct substances and the potential for reductionism in monistic or materialistic viewpoints. The concept of dualisti, therefore, encompasses a broad spectrum of thought centered on the idea of irreducible duality.