Dræningsforstyrrelser

Dræningsforstyrrelser refer to disruptions in the normal flow of fluids within the body, particularly cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. This condition can manifest in various ways, affecting both the production and absorption of CSF. When CSF production exceeds absorption, it can lead to an accumulation of fluid within the cranial cavity, a condition known as hydrocephalus. Conversely, if absorption is significantly impaired, it can also result in increased intracranial pressure.

Several factors can contribute to dræningsforstyrrelser. Congenital abnormalities, such as aqueductal stenosis or Chiari malformations, can obstruct CSF pathways from birth. Acquired causes include tumors that press on CSF pathways, infections like meningitis that can cause inflammation and scarring, and traumatic brain injuries that disrupt normal fluid dynamics. Subarachnoid hemorrhage can also lead to impaired CSF absorption.

Symptoms of dræningsforstyrrelser vary depending on the severity and the age of the individual. In infants, an enlarged head circumference, bulging fontanelles, irritability, and poor feeding are common signs. In older children and adults, symptoms can include headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, gait disturbances, and cognitive decline. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term neurological damage.

Treatment strategies aim to restore normal CSF flow and reduce intracranial pressure. Surgical interventions are often necessary, such as the placement of a shunt system to divert excess CSF to another part of the body. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is another surgical option that creates a new pathway for CSF flow. In some cases, treating the underlying cause, like removing a tumor or managing an infection, can resolve the dræningsforstyrrelse.