Dosimetrier

Dosimetrier refers to the measurement and quantification of radiation exposure or dose received by an object, material, or living organism. The term originates from the Greek words *dosis* (meaning dose) and *metron* (meaning measure), and it is a critical concept in fields such as nuclear physics, radiology, and radiation protection.

In radiation protection, dosimetry is essential for assessing and managing human exposure to ionizing radiation, which can pose health risks at high levels. Dosimeters are devices used to detect and measure radiation doses, often worn by workers in industries like healthcare, nuclear power, or research facilities. These devices can be passive, recording cumulative exposure over time, or active, providing real-time monitoring.

Dosimetry encompasses both external and internal exposure measurements. External dosimetry focuses on radiation originating from sources outside the body, such as X-rays or gamma rays, while internal dosimetry evaluates radiation emitted by radioactive materials that have entered the body, such as through inhalation or ingestion. Techniques for dosimetry include film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), and semiconductor-based detectors, each offering varying levels of accuracy and sensitivity.

Beyond human exposure, dosimetry plays a role in industrial applications, such as sterilizing medical equipment or preserving food through irradiation. In these cases, precise dose control ensures safety and efficacy. International standards and regulations, such as those set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), guide dosimetry practices to minimize risks while maximizing benefits.

Advancements in technology have improved dosimetry methods, enabling more accurate and portable measurement tools. Research continues to refine techniques, particularly in areas like personalized radiation therapy and environmental monitoring, where precise dose assessment is crucial.