Donorkriterier

Donorkriterier are the criteria used to assess whether a person may donate organs, tissues, sperm, eggs, or other biological material within a formal program. They encompass medical suitability, infectious disease status, genetic risk, psychosocial factors, and legal or ethical considerations. Criteria vary by type of donation and by country or program, but common elements include safety for both donor and recipient, likelihood of successful transplant or reproductive outcome, and protection of donor rights and privacy.

Medical suitability includes general health, absence of active infection or significant organ disease, and, for living donors, adequate organ reserve and surgical risk assessment. Age limits are program-specific and may consider physiological rather than chronological age.

Infectious disease screening is essential and typically includes testing for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and other pathogens, along with evaluation of behaviors or exposures that increase transmission risk. Donor candidates may be excluded based on risky behaviors, recent travel to high-prevalence areas, or recent infections.

For reproductive donors, genetic screening for inherited disorders and detailed family history are considered, as well as counseling on possible disclosure to offspring and anonymity policies. Psychosocial evaluation assesses the donor's motivation, understanding of risks, and ability to comply with follow-up. In all cases informed consent and respect for donor autonomy are essential.

Evaluation is conducted by multidisciplinary teams, followed by documentation, testing, and regulatory oversight. Policies on donor anonymity, data protection, and allocation or matching differ between programs, reflecting ethical, legal, and societal frameworks.