Diversifikationsplanung

Diversification is a risk management strategy that mixes a variety of investments within a portfolio. The goal is to reduce exposure to any single asset or risk by ensuring that the returns of assets do not move perfectly in sync. Diversification relies on the idea that different assets respond differently to the same events, and that the overall portfolio can achieve a more stable return than any individual investment.

In finance, diversification is implemented by allocating investments across asset classes (stocks, bonds, real estate, commodities), geographic regions, industries, and securities with varying risk profiles. Index funds and exchange-traded funds are common tools because they provide broad exposure at low cost. Regular rebalancing and consideration of correlations help maintain the intended level of diversification. Diversification cannot eliminate systematic risk—the risk that affects the entire market—but it can reduce unsystematic risk associated with individual securities.

The concept is central to Modern Portfolio Theory, which describes how an investor can construct an 'efficient frontier' of optimal portfolios. However, diversification has limits: overdiversification can yield diminishing returns (and higher costs), correlations can rise during crises, and diversification does not guarantee profits or prevent losses.

Investors must consider taxes, liquidity, and fees. Beyond finance, diversification also describes strategies in business and agriculture that spread activities across products, markets, or suppliers to reduce dependence on a single revenue source. While it can promote resilience and growth, diversification requires careful planning and resource allocation.