Distillati

Distillati, in culinary and beverage terminology, are alcoholic drinks produced by distilling fermented materials. The base can be wine or grape pomace, cereals, fruits, or other fermentable sugars. Distillation concentrates ethanol and flavor compounds, resulting in a higher alcohol content and a more concentrated flavor profile than the original fermented product. The choice of base material, the type of still, and the distillation cuts (heads, hearts, tails) shape the aroma, texture, and strength of the final product.

Production and classification: Distillation uses equipment such as pot stills or column stills. Pot stills tend to preserve more congeners and character, while column stills yield cleaner, more neutral spirits. After distillation, many products are aged in wooden casks, which adds color, depth, and complexity; others are bottled fresh as clear spirits. Typical alcohol by volume (ABV) ranges widely, commonly around 40% but often higher for certain styles.

Categories commonly encountered include neutral distillates (for example vodka and other neutral spirits) that emphasize purity and minimal flavor; fruit- or grape-based distillates (such as eaux-de-vie and grappa) known for their pronounced fruit characters; and aged distillates (such as brandy, cognac, whiskey, and rum) that develop color and complexity through maturation. Some distillates also serve as bases for liqueurs when flavors and sugars are added.

Regulation and serving: Production and labeling are governed by national or regional food and beverage regulations, with standards for ABV and, in some cases, protected designations of origin. Distillati are typically consumed neat at room temperature, though they are also used in cocktails. They are among the most widespread categories of alcoholic beverages worldwide and reflect diverse regional practices and traditions.