Diskriminimit

Diskriminimit is a term used in Albanian to refer to discrimination, the unjust or prejudicial treatment of people based on actual or perceived group characteristics. It encompasses unequal treatment that denies or limits rights, opportunities, or access to goods and services due to factors such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, nationality, language, or social status.

Types include direct discrimination, where a person is treated less favorably for a protected characteristic, and indirect discrimination, where neutral rules or practices disproportionately disadvantage a protected group. Structural or systemic discrimination refers to embedded policies, institutions, and cultural norms that maintain inequality across society. Discrimination can be intentional or unintentional and may occur in public and private sectors, in education, employment, housing, health care, and public services. Intersectional discrimination occurs when multiple characteristics combine to produce greater disadvantage.

Causes include stereotypes, prejudice, social power imbalances, and biased policy design. Consequences include reduced economic participation, poorer health outcomes, social exclusion, and erosion of trust in institutions. It is typically measured through empirical methods such as field experiments, audits, surveys, and administrative data analysis.

Responses aim to prevent and remedy discrimination. International human rights instruments prohibit discrimination and obligate states to protect affected individuals. National laws establish equal opportunity standards, anti-discrimination protections, and remedies such as accommodation, restitution, or affirmative action. Organizations may implement diversity and inclusion programs, accessibility improvements, and bias-awareness training.

See also: anti-discrimination law.