Diphenylether

Diphenyl ether, also known as phenyl phenyl ether or diphenyl oxide, is the simplest diaryl ether. Its chemical formula is C12H10O, consisting of two phenyl rings connected by an oxygen atom. It is an aryl–aryl ether and has limited water solubility, with properties typical of nonpolar organic liquids, including a relatively high boiling point and low vapor pressure.

In terms of preparation, diphenyl ether can be made by methods that form an aryl–oxygen–aryl bond. Common approaches include the Williamson ether synthesis, involving a phenoxide salt and an aryl halide, and various dehydration or condensation routes that couple phenol derivatives under acid or catalytic conditions. It is also accessible as a byproduct or intermediate in certain phenol-arylation processes.

Diphenyl ether is primarily used as a solvent in organic synthesis and in some industrial settings where high-temperature, non-polar media are required. It serves as a precursor or intermediate in the manufacture of more complex diaryl ethers and related compounds used in dyes, polymers, and specialty chemicals. Its high boiling point makes it suitable for applications that demand thermal stability and low volatility.

Safety and environmental considerations include its classification as an organic solvent with flammable and potentially irritating properties. Appropriate engineering controls, ventilation, and personal protective equipment are advised. Proper storage in closed containers away from heat sources is recommended, and disposal should follow local hazardous waste guidelines.