Dinitrocresol

Dinitrocresol, also known as DNOC, is a synthetic organic chemical compound with the formula CH3C6H3(NO2)2OH. It is a yellow crystalline solid and a member of the dinitrophenol family. DNOC has been used historically for various purposes, although its use has significantly declined due to its toxicity.

Historically, dinitrocresol was employed as an insecticide, herbicide, and fungicide in agriculture. Its mode of action involved uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of target organisms, leading to a disruption of cellular energy production. This broad-spectrum activity made it effective against a range of pests and weeds.

However, DNOC is also highly toxic to humans and other mammals. Exposure can lead to symptoms such as fever, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, sweating, and in severe cases, can be fatal. Due to these health risks and environmental concerns, its use in agriculture has been banned or severely restricted in many countries. Modern pest and weed control methods typically utilize less toxic alternatives.

DNOC can also be found as a metabolite of some other nitrophenolic compounds. Its presence can be an indicator of exposure to these substances. Research into its toxicological effects and environmental fate continues to inform regulatory decisions and risk assessments.