Dikarboxüülhappel

Dikarboxüülhappel are organic compounds that contain two carboxyl functional groups. The general formula for a saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is CnH2n(COOH)2. These compounds are also known as dibasic acids. The carboxyl groups can be located at any position along the carbon chain. The simplest dicarboxylic acid is oxalic acid, with the formula (COOH)2. Malonic acid and succinic acid are other common examples.

Dicarboxylic acids exhibit properties characteristic of both carboxylic acids and the carbon chain between them. They are generally stronger acids than monocarboxylic acids due to the inductive effect of the second carboxyl group. They can undergo reactions typical of carboxylic acids, such as esterification, amide formation, and reduction. Many dicarboxylic acids can also form cyclic anhydrides upon heating, especially if the carboxyl groups are in suitable positions.

These compounds play important roles in biochemistry and industry. For example, succinic acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, a fundamental metabolic pathway. Dicarboxylic acids are also used as building blocks in the synthesis of polymers, such as polyesters and polyamides. They find applications in the production of plastics, fibers, and pharmaceuticals. Their physical properties, such as solubility and melting point, vary depending on the length of the carbon chain and the position of the carboxyl groups.