Diferensialforsterkere

Diferensialforsterkere, also known as differential amplifiers, are electronic circuits designed to amplify the difference between two input signals. This type of amplifier is characterized by having two inputs, typically labeled as non-inverting and inverting, and a single output. The output signal is proportional to the difference between the voltage at the non-inverting input and the voltage at the inverting input. A key feature is their ability to reject common-mode signals, which are signals that appear identically on both inputs. This common-mode rejection is a significant advantage in applications where noise or unwanted signals might affect both input lines. The basic principle involves using transistors arranged in a specific configuration, often a matched pair, to ensure that any difference in the input signals is amplified while common signals are largely canceled out. Diferensialforsterkere are fundamental building blocks in many analog integrated circuits, including operational amplifiers (op-amps), where they form the input stage. Their applications span a wide range, from measuring small voltage differences in sensors to signal conditioning in audio equipment and instrumentation. The gain of a diferensialforsterker is determined by external components, allowing for flexible design.