Diethanolamine

Diethanolamine is an organic amine used primarily as a chemical intermediate. Its molecular formula is C4H11NO2 and its molecular weight is about 105.14 g/mol. The molecule contains a nitrogen atom bound to two hydroxyethyl substituents, giving it both basic and hydrophilic character. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

Industrial production of diethanolamine typically involves the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia or with monoethanolamine, followed by purification through distillation. The process yields diethanolamine as a major product, which is then isolated for use in downstream synthesis.

The main applications of diethanolamine include its role as a building block for surfactants and detergents (often via subsequent ethoxylation), as well as a feedstock for corrosion inhibitors, lubricants, polyurethane foam components, and various specialty chemicals. It is also used in some cosmetic and personal care formulations, usually as a pH adjuster or processing aid, though regulatory limits on impurities apply in many jurisdictions.

Safety and environmental information: diethanolamine is a corrosive and irritant to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It should be handled with appropriate protective equipment and under adequate ventilation. It can react with nitrosating agents to form nitrosamines such as N-nitrosodiethanolamine, which are of carcinogenic concern; therefore, nitrosation risks are actively mitigated in industrial and consumer settings. In the environment, diethanolamine is expected to be biodegradable with caution advised regarding aquatic toxicity. Regulatory attention often focuses on controlling nitrosamine formation and exposure through proper storage, handling, and manufacturing controls.