monoethanolamine

Monoethanolamine (MEA) is an organic chemical with the formula HO-CH2-CH2-NH2. It is a primary amino alcohol derived from ammonia and ethylene oxide. MEA is typically a colorless to pale liquid with a distinctive odor, highly soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. It is hygroscopic and can absorb moisture from air. Its boiling point is about 170 C at 1 atm, and it is reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Industrial production usually involves the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia to form a mixture of ethanolamines, which is then separated to obtain MEA. It is often sold as a concentrated aqueous solution or in the neat liquid form.

MEA has several major uses. It is widely employed in gas treating to remove acid gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas, refinery streams, and syngas. It is also an intermediate in the manufacture of surfactants and detergents, as well as in the production of corrosion inhibitors, resins, solvents, and various pharmaceuticals.

Safety and handling considerations are important. MEA is corrosive to skin and eyes and can cause severe irritation or chemical burns. It can release heat when reacting with acids and may interact with oxidizers. Appropriate protective equipment, ventilation, and storage away from incompatible substances are recommended. Spills should be contained and cleaned up promptly.

Environmental and regulatory notes vary by region, but releases of MEA are typically subject to chemical safety, worker protection, and environmental control measures due to potential aquatic toxicity and irritant properties.