Dieta

Dieta, or diet, refers to the pattern of eating and drinking that constitutes an individual's regular nutritional intake. In everyday use, it describes both the total amount of energy consumed and the particular foods chosen. The term derives from Latin diaita and Greek diaita "way of life," and in many languages the cognate word refers to both a habitual diet and prescribed dietary plans.

Dietary patterns are influenced by culture, religion, health status, body weight goals, and access to food. Diets can be broadly categorized as general healthy patterns—emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and liquids with limited added sugars and saturated fats—or targeted plans designed for specific outcomes, such as weight loss, metabolic conditions, or athletic performance. Medical and therapeutic diets may restrict certain nutrients (for example low-sodium, low-sugar, gluten-free, or protein-controlled regimens) or adjust macronutrient ratios (such as low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets) under professional supervision.

Nutrition science emphasizes diet quality, energy balance, and nutrient adequacy rather than single nutrients. Evidence supports the benefits of diverse, minimally processed foods and mindful eating, while many popular "fad" diets lack long-term efficacy or may pose risks if not followed carefully.

Cultural and personal factors—taste preferences, affordability, cooking skills, and accessibility—significantly influence adherence. Public health guidance typically recommends individualized dietary patterns based on dietary guidelines that promote vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and limited added sugars and sodium. Consultation with healthcare providers may be advised for chronic conditions, pregnancy, or pediatric needs.