Diarré

Diarré is a medical condition defined by increased stool frequency and liquidity. Stools are looser than normal and more frequent. It is categorized as acute (up to 14 days), persistent (14–28 days), or chronic (more than 4 weeks).

Most acute diarrheas are infectious (viral, bacterial, or parasitic) and remit without specific treatment. Non-infectious causes include inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption, lactose intolerance, medications (antibiotics, magnesium-containing antacids), and functional disorders. Travelers’ diarrhea is a common form linked to contaminated food or water.

Symptoms include frequent loose stools, urgency, cramps, and bloating, sometimes with fever or nausea. Dehydration is a major risk, especially for children, older adults, and those in resource-limited settings. Seek care if there is blood in stool, prolonged vomiting, severe pain, or signs of dehydration.

Diagnosis rests on history and examination; stool tests may identify pathogens. Persistent or recurrent diarrhea may require blood tests, stool studies, endoscopy, or imaging. Treatment focuses on replacing fluids and electrolytes (oral rehydration). Zinc is often advised for children. Diet should be resumed promptly; avoid unnecessary restrictions. Antibiotics are used for specific pathogens when indicated.

Prevention emphasizes hand hygiene, safe water and food, and vaccines where available (e.g., rotavirus). Most cases are self-limited, but dehydration or chronic diarrhea requires medical evaluation to prevent complications.