Diamagneettisen

Diamagneettinen refers to a type of magnetic behavior exhibited by materials. When placed in an external magnetic field, diamagnetic materials are repelled by the field. This repulsion is a weak effect and is present in all materials, although it can be masked by stronger magnetic effects like paramagnetism or ferromagnetism.

The phenomenon of diamagnetism arises from the orbital motion of electrons within atoms. In the absence of an external magnetic field, electrons orbit the nucleus in a way that their magnetic moments cancel each other out. However, when an external magnetic field is applied, it induces a change in the orbital motion of these electrons, according to Lenz's Law. This induced change creates a magnetic dipole moment that opposes the applied field, resulting in the observed repulsion.

Diamagnetic materials have a magnetic susceptibility that is negative and small. Examples of diamagnetic materials include water, copper, bismuth, and most organic compounds. The diamagnetic effect is temperature-independent, meaning it does not change significantly with variations in temperature. This characteristic distinguishes it from other magnetic behaviors like paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.