Dialüüsivedelikul

Dialüüsivedelikul, also known as dialysis fluid or dialysate, is a crucial component in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. It is a sterile, specially formulated solution used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood of individuals with kidney failure. The composition of dialysate is carefully controlled to mimic the body's natural balance and facilitate the diffusion of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.

In hemodialysis, the dialysate flows through a dialyzer, where it is separated from the patient's blood by a membrane. Waste products such as urea and creatinine, along with excess electrolytes like potassium and phosphate, diffuse from the blood into the dialysate due to concentration gradients. Simultaneously, essential electrolytes and bicarbonate are added to the blood from the dialysate to correct imbalances. The dialysate also helps to remove excess water from the blood through a process called ultrafiltration, driven by pressure differences.

For peritoneal dialysis, the dialysate is infused directly into the peritoneal cavity, the space within the abdomen that contains the organs. The peritoneal membrane acts as the semipermeable barrier. Waste products and excess fluid from the blood vessels lining the peritoneum diffuse into the dialysate. The dialysate is then drained from the abdomen and replaced with fresh solution.

The precise composition of dialysate can be adjusted based on the patient's individual needs, including their electrolyte levels, acid-base balance, and fluid status. Common components include purified water, electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and a buffer like bicarbonate or lactate. Glucose is often included to help remove excess water via osmosis. The sterility of the dialysate is paramount to prevent infection.