Diaatsepaami

Diaatsepaami is a benzodiazepine medication that, in many languages, corresponds to diazepam. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, enhancing the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system. This mechanism underlies its anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and muscle-relaxant properties.

Clinical uses of diaatsepaami include the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders and acute anxiety symptoms, adjunctive therapy for certain seizure types, relief of severe muscle spasm, and management of alcohol withdrawal. It is also used to induce sedation and amnesia for some medical procedures. Its long duration of action makes it suitable for once-daily or multiple daily dosing in some regimens, but it also increases the risk of carryover sedation.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism: Diazepam is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Onset of action is typically within 30–60 minutes. It has a long elimination half-life, roughly 20–50 hours, and its effects can persist due to active metabolites, notably nordazepam (desmethyldiazepam) and oxazepam, which contribute to continued pharmacologic activity.

Safety, adverse effects, and restrictions: Common adverse effects include drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, and impaired coordination. Cognitive impairment and memory disturbance can occur, particularly in older adults. Dependence and withdrawal are potential risks with long-term use. Caution is advised in the elderly, and in patients with liver disease or reduced respiratory function. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, and certain cases of myasthenia gravis. Interactions with other central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, can enhance sedation. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals require careful risk assessment, and diaatsepaami is generally regulated as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions.