Detekció

Detekció is the process of identifying the presence or absence of a target signal, event, or condition in data. In Hungarian usage it covers a wide range of disciplines, from engineering and science to everyday monitoring. A detector or detection method typically transforms raw measurements into a decision about whether the target is present, which may then be followed by classification or localization. Detection is distinct from recognition or identification, which adds a level of categorization.

In statistics and signal processing, detekció is analyzed with detection theory. Key concepts include the detection probability (power), false alarm probability, sensitivity, specificity, threshold setting, and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Applications include medical imaging and screening (tumor or lesion detection), cybersecurity (intrusion detection systems), environmental sensing (smoke, pollution, seismic events), industrial quality control (defect detection), and astronomy (transient event detection).

Common workflow: data acquisition by sensors, preprocessing, feature extraction, and a decision rule. Challenges include noise, non-stationarity, imbalanced data, calibration, and the trade-off between misses and false alarms. Ethical and reliability considerations limit deployment in critical contexts; evaluation often uses standardized datasets and metrics.