Deltopectoral

Deltopectoral refers to the region of the human body located between the deltoid muscle of the shoulder and the pectoralis major muscle of the chest. This anatomical space is of clinical significance, particularly in surgical procedures and the management of injuries. The deltopectoral groove, a furrow visible externally, lies within this area.

The deltopectoral groove is formed by the lateral edge of the pectoralis major and the anterior fibers of the deltoid muscle. It is a superficial landmark that can be palpated. Anatomically, the cephalic vein is a prominent structure that travels within the deltopectoral groove, ascending towards the subclavian vein. This vein is often used as a landmark for accessing the axillary vein and for certain surgical approaches.

In surgery, the deltopectoral approach is a surgical incision used to access the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. This approach is favored in certain orthopedic procedures, such as rotator cuff repair and shoulder arthroscopy, because it can minimize disruption to major muscle groups and neurovascular structures compared to other incisions. However, it requires careful dissection to avoid injury to the cephalic vein and the lateral pectoral nerve.

The deltopectoral region is also relevant in the context of trauma. Fractures of the clavicle or humerus can involve or affect this area. Furthermore, lymph nodes are present within the deltopectoral space, and their involvement can be an indicator in the staging of certain cancers, particularly breast cancer, where the deltopectoral lymph nodes are part of the axillary lymphatic drainage system.