Delaminaation

Delamination is a failure mechanism that occurs in composite materials and layered structures. It is characterized by the separation of layers or plies within a laminate. This separation is typically a result of stresses that cause the interfaces between the layers to weaken or break. Delamination can arise from various sources, including manufacturing defects, external loading, impact damage, or environmental factors like moisture absorption and thermal cycling.

In composite materials, such as those made from fibers embedded in a polymer matrix, delamination often initiates at ply interfaces. The bond strength between adjacent plies can be compromised by voids, resin-rich areas, or improper curing during manufacturing. When the composite is subjected to loads, these weak interfaces can propagate, leading to a loss of structural integrity. In layered structures like coatings or adhesives, delamination means the layers peel away from each other.

The consequences of delamination can be significant. It reduces the load-carrying capacity and stiffness of the material, and can accelerate other failure modes. Detecting and assessing delamination is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of components made from these materials. Techniques like ultrasonic testing, X-ray computed tomography, and visual inspection are commonly used for delamination detection. Repairing delamination can be challenging and often requires specialized procedures.