Decellulált

Decellulált refers to a process or state where the cellular components have been removed from a biological tissue or material. This typically involves chemical treatments designed to lyse or dissolve the cells while leaving the extracellular matrix intact. The purpose of decellularization is often to create a biological scaffold that can be repopulated with new cells for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and biochemical cues essential for cell function. By removing the original cells, researchers aim to eliminate immunogenicity, preventing rejection by the recipient's immune system, and to create a permissive environment for the seeding and growth of donor cells. This process can be applied to a wide range of tissues, including skin, heart valves, blood vessels, and even complex organs like kidneys and lungs.

Various methods are employed for decellularization, differing in their chemical agents, incubation times, and physical manipulation. These can include detergents, salts, enzymes, and osmotic shock. The effectiveness of decellularization is often assessed by the degree of cellular component removal and the preservation of ECM structure and biochemical properties. Successful decellularization results in a acellular matrix that retains the complex architecture of the original tissue, which is crucial for guiding the behavior and differentiation of newly introduced cells.