DREB2

DREB2 (Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Protein 2) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in plant response to abiotic stresses, particularly drought, high salinity, and cold temperatures. Belonging to the AP2/ERF (APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor) superfamily, DREB2 regulates the expression of stress-inducible genes by binding to dehydration-responsive elements (DRE) in their promoters.

In plants, DREB2 acts as a key component of the molecular network that confers tolerance to environmental stresses. Upon exposure to stress signals, DREB2 is activated through post-translational modifications, which enable it to bind to specific DNA sequences, thereby initiating the transcription of genes involved in osmoprotection, antioxidant defense, and stress signaling pathways. This gene regulation enhances the plant's ability to survive adverse conditions by maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting vital functions.

Research has identified multiple DREB2 homologs in various plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and sorghum. Variations in DREB2 expression or activity can greatly influence stress resilience, making it a target for genetic engineering aimed at developing stress-tolerant crops. Overexpression of DREB2 genes in transgenic plants has shown to improve drought and salt tolerance, although excessive activation may cause growth retardation.

Due to its significant role in abiotic stress response, DREB2 continues to be a focus of plant functional genomics and crop improvement efforts. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing DREB2 activity contributes to strategies for enhancing plant resilience amid climate change and resource limitations.