DRD2genen

DRD2 is the gene that encodes the D2 subtype of the dopamine receptor, a G protein–coupled receptor that modulates dopamine signaling in the brain. D2 receptors are highly expressed in the striatum, including the caudate nucleus and putamen, and are also found in other regions involved in motor control, motivation, and reward. The receptor can function as both a postsynaptic receptor and as a presynaptic autoreceptor that regulates dopamine synthesis and release. The DRD2 gene encodes a seven‑transmembrane receptor that signals through Gi/o proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity and modulate ion channels.

In humans, the DRD2 gene is located on chromosome 11. It comprises multiple exons and undergoes alternative splicing to produce receptor variants. The receptor’s distribution and signaling properties contribute to its roles in movement, reward processing, cognition, and endocrine regulation.

Genetic and clinical relevance: Variation in DRD2, and in the nearby ANKK1 gene, has been associated with differences in D2 receptor density and with risk for addiction, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric conditions in some studies, though results are not entirely consistent across populations. Pharmacologically, D2 receptors are major targets of antipsychotic drugs, which often act as antagonists or partial agonists to reduce dopaminergic transmission. D2 agonists and other therapies that enhance D2 signaling are used in Parkinson disease and related movement disorders. Research continues into how DRD2 variation affects disease risk, treatment response, and behavior.