DMT

DMT, or N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, is a potent psychedelic compound in the tryptamine class. It occurs naturally in a variety of plant species and has been detected in trace amounts in some mammals. It is best known as the primary psychoactive component of ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew that combines DMT-containing plants with monoamine oxidase inhibitors from other plants, which enable oral activity of DMT.

DMT can be produced synthetically and is used in different administration routes. When smoked or vaporized, it has a rapid onset, with effects beginning within seconds to minutes and typically lasting about 15 to 60 minutes. When consumed as part of an ayahuasca preparation, the effects develop more slowly and can last four to six hours. The primary pharmacology involves agonism of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, along with other targets, contributing to its characteristic perceptual and cognitive changes. The subjective experience is highly variable and commonly includes vivid visuals, altered sense of time, and profound psychological experiences; anxiety or fear can also occur.

Safety and risks: DMT can cause intense psychological reactions and may exacerbate preexisting psychiatric conditions in some individuals. Physiological effects can include increased heart rate and blood pressure. Interactions with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and other serotonergic drugs can be dangerous, and use is contraindicated in certain medical contexts. Legal status varies by country, but DMT is controlled in many jurisdictions, including the United States, where it is generally prohibited with limited religious exemptions in some cases.

Research and context: DMT and ayahuasca are the subject of psychedelic research exploring potential therapeutic applications for mood disorders and end-of-life anxiety. Evidence remains preliminary, and further rigorous studies are needed.