DDX3

**DDX3 (Dedicator of Conjugation 3)**

DDX3, also known as DEAD-box RNA helicase 3, is a protein encoded by the *DDX3* gene in humans. This gene belongs to the DEAD-box helicase family, characterized by an ATP-dependent RNA unwinding activity that plays a crucial role in RNA metabolism. DDX3 is widely expressed across various tissues, including the brain, liver, and immune cells, suggesting a broad functional involvement.

The primary function of DDX3 is to assist in the processing and translation of mRNA, particularly in the regulation of gene expression. It interacts with other proteins to facilitate the assembly of the translation initiation complex, enhancing the efficiency of protein synthesis. Additionally, DDX3 has been implicated in cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and antiviral defense, where it may modulate immune responses by influencing interferon signaling pathways.

Research has also linked DDX3 to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, where its dysregulation may contribute to pathological mechanisms. In cancer biology, DDX3 has been studied for its potential role in tumor suppression or oncogenesis, depending on the cellular context. Its involvement in RNA splicing and stability further highlights its significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Structurally, DDX3 contains conserved motifs, including the DEAD box, which is essential for its helicase activity. Mutations in *DDX3* have been associated with rare genetic disorders, though most variants remain poorly characterized. Further investigation into its molecular mechanisms could provide insights into therapeutic targets for diseases affecting RNA processing and protein synthesis.