DDIC

The Data Dictionary (DDIC) is a central metadata repository in SAP systems that defines and manages all data definitions used by ABAP applications. It stores definitions for database tables, views, data types, domains, data elements, and other objects, ensuring consistent data representations across modules.

Key concepts include domains, data elements, tables, views, and search helps. A domain defines a data type’s attributes such as length, decimal places, value ranges, and conversion routines. A data element links a domain to a semantic meaning and provides documentation. Tables store actual data, with fields defined by data elements and domains; views combine fields from multiple tables. Additional objects include search helps for input aids, fixed value lists, and type groups.

The DDIC enforces data integrity by centralizing definitions so programs reference dictionary objects rather than raw database definitions. This enables consistent validation, formatting, and documentation. The runtime environment uses generated structures and definitions, and changes to dictionary objects are propagated to all programs that use them.

Changes to DDIC objects are managed with transport requests and move through development, testing, and production environments. This governance supports version control, impact analysis, and release management. Some dictionary objects are delivered by SAP as part of standard packages and upgrades.

Access is typically through ABAP Workbench tools such as SE11 (Data Dictionary maintenance) and SE12 (Display). Developers define and modify dictionary objects, set attributes like nullability and key relationships, and create search helps. The DDIC also supports integration with data migration, performance considerations, and user authorizations, reinforcing consistency across the SAP landscape.